股骨近端空心锁定板内固定治疗股骨颈骨折临床疗效观察

目的：：研究股骨近端空心锁定板内固定治疗股骨颈骨折的临床效果。方法：对2008年2月至2010年4月我院入院治疗的108例股骨颈骨折患者进行了研究，随机分为两组，对照组给与空心钉进行治疗，观察组采用股骨近端空心锁定板内固定治疗，比较两组治疗方案的手术时间、出血量、住院时间以及下床时间，比较两组治疗方案的手术并发症发生率，并比较两组患者三年期临床疗效。结果：观察组患者手术出血量明显少于对照组，手术时间、住院时间以及下床时间明显短于对照组，两组比较差异明显，有统计学意义( P<0.05)；两组患者手术并发症均以疼痛、骨不连以及感染为主，其中观察组上述并发症的发生率为13.0％，明显低于对照组33.3％，两组比较差异有统计学意义( P<0.05)；观察组患者三年临床总有效率为79.6％，对照组患者三年期临床总有效率为51.9％，两组比较差异明显，有统计学意义( P<0.05)。结论：股骨近端空心锁定板内固定治疗股骨颈骨折临床效果显著，可以明显缩短手术时间以及住院时间，降低手术并发症，并且三年临床总有效率更高，值得临床推广应用。     

Erysipelas,the “Other” Cellulitis: A Practical Guide for Nurse Practitioners

Erysipelas is a skin and soft tissue infection, often confused with cellulitis, that is not well researched or understood in the medical literature. The incidence of erysipelas has been estimated to be from 10 to 100 cases per 100,000 individuals per year. However, these estimates may be inaccurate due to erysipelas cases being classified under the broader diagnosis of cellulitis. The aim of this article is to increase nurse practitioner awareness of erysipelas, how it manifests differently from cellulitis, and the latest evidence-based treatment guidelines for short- and long-term medical management of this condition.     

滋肾续骨汤联合鲑鱼降钙素对老年椎体压缩性骨折术后血清骨形态发生蛋白9及血管内皮生长因子水平的影响

目的观察滋肾续骨汤联合鲑鱼降钙素对老年椎体压缩性骨折术后血清骨形态发生蛋白9(BMP9)及血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)水平的影响。方法将80例老年椎体压缩性骨折术后患者按照随机数字表法分为2组。对照组39例予鲑鱼降钙素治疗;治疗组41例在对照组治疗基础上加用滋肾续骨汤治疗。2组均治疗24周后统计临床疗效,并观察2组治疗前后血清BMP9、VEGF水平及疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、胸腰椎损伤分类及损伤程度评分系统(TLICS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评分、日本骨科协会(JOA)腰痛评分,以及椎体前缘丢失高度、伤椎Cobb角、伤椎骨密度水平及并发症发生情况。结果治疗组总有效率95.12%(39/41),对照组总有效率76.92%(30/39),治疗组临床疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。2组治疗后血清BMP9、VEGF水平均升高(P<0.05),且治疗组高于对照组(P<0.05)。2组治疗后疼痛VAS、TLICS评分均降低(P<0.05),且治疗组低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后2组ODI评分均降低(P<0.05),且治疗组低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后2组JOA腰痛评分均升高(P<0.05),且治疗组高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后2组椎体前缘丢失高度、伤椎Cobb角均降低(P<0.05),伤椎骨密度均升高(P<0.05),且治疗组改善均优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗组并发症总发生率4.88%(2/41),对照组并发症总发生率20.51%(8/39),治疗组并发症总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论滋肾续骨汤治疗老年椎体压缩性骨折术后患者疗效显著,可有效改善临床症状及血清BMP9、VEGF水平。     

锁定接骨板治疗累及肱骨距的肱骨近端骨折：有效支撑、并发症和功能恢复

文题释义： 肱骨距：为肱骨头下方内侧壁的一段骨皮质区域，位于肱骨头下内侧及背侧区，该区域含有较多的骨小梁，肱骨近端三、四部分骨折时常累及肱骨距，而“距螺钉”放置在该区域能支撑肱骨头，维持内侧柱稳定。肱骨距概念的提出是为了更好地治疗肱骨近端骨折，因此很好的理解肱骨距的重要性及了解肱骨距粉碎的形态对于治疗肱骨近端骨折非常重要。 内侧柱支撑：肱骨近端骨折常伴有肱骨距粉碎，Philos钢板固定后，容易出现肱骨头坏死、螺钉穿出关节面等并发症，通过使用特殊的距螺钉置入肱骨距区域或使用同种异体腓骨髓内支撑，能给肱骨近端内侧柱提供有效支撑，防止术后肱骨头内翻等并发症的发生。 背景：肱骨近端骨折的保头治疗是创伤骨科的难点，而如何获得内侧柱支撑是近年研究的热点。 目的：总结肱骨距的一般概念、临床意义及作用、常见的损伤原因、钢板固定治疗进展，以期提高临床医师对肱骨距的认识，减少手术并发症的发生。 方法：由第一作者检索2004至2019年万方、知网、维普、PubMed、Web of science、Springer Link等数据库收录的关于肱骨近端内侧壁治疗及研究进展的相关文献。英文检索词为“proximal humeral fracture，Philos，infermedial screw，calcar screw，fibularallograft，middle support”，中文检索词为“肱骨近端骨折，肱骨距，内侧柱，钢板，腓骨移植”，同时对文章中参考文献进行人工检索。按照纳入排除标准最终共纳入51篇文献进行综述。 结果与结论：①目前对于肱骨距的范围定义仍不明确，累及肱骨距的骨折目前无统一的分型标准，X射线片显示的肱骨距损伤模式常常与骨折实际情况不符，累及肱骨距的骨折往往是复杂的骨折。临床医师对肱骨距认识、重视程度不够是引起肱骨距损伤和未能得到很好修复的主要原因；②钢板治疗仍是肱骨近端骨折的首选，对于“可修复性内侧壁”，根据肱骨距损伤情况决定重建内侧柱方式，使用距螺钉、同种异体腓骨髓内植骨、骨水泥增强、内侧钢板都是可行的方法，术中实现内侧壁解剖复位、获得内侧柱的有效支撑能帮助减少术后并发症，而内侧钢板的使用需要更多研究进一步验证，肩袖修复对内侧柱支撑也是至关重要的；③肱骨距的范围需要达成统一的观点，充分了解肱骨距的重要性对于肱骨近端骨折治疗至关重要。术前应详细了解肱骨距的骨折模式，选择最佳手术方式，术中实现内侧壁的解剖复位、获得内侧柱的有效支撑可减少骨折术后并发症，术中肩袖的良好修复也是患者取得较好功能很重要的一环。 ORCID: 0000-0002-5163-1529(徐鹏) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程     

锁定钢板联合异体腓骨与锁定钢板单独使用治疗肱骨近端骨折的Meta分析

文题释义：肱骨近端骨折：属于发生率较高的骨折，骨折位置在肱骨外科颈以远1.0-2.0 cm到肱骨头关节面之间，随着人口老龄化的加剧，肱骨近端骨折发生率呈上升的趋势，肱骨近端骨折的最佳治疗方式也存在争议。   锁定钢板联合异体腓骨：依次切开皮肤、组织，暴露肱骨近端，选择合适的异体腓骨插入髓腔，利用同种异体腓骨的支撑作用及克氏针的撬拨作用临时复位肱骨近端骨折处，之后采用合适大小的锁定钢板对骨折端进行固定。 背景：肱骨近端骨折的最佳治疗方式一直存在着争议，其中使用锁定钢板的开放复位内固定是治疗肱骨近端骨折的一种常用方法，近年有许多研究指出锁定钢板联合异体腓骨可以获得更好的刚性结构。 目的：系统评价锁定钢板联合异体腓骨与锁定钢板单独使用治疗肱骨近端骨折的临床疗效。 方法：截止至2020年1月，在中国知网、万方数据库、维普、PubMed、EMBASE、Cochrane Library等数据库收集锁定钢板与锁定钢板联合异体腓骨治疗肱骨近端骨折疗效对比的文献进行质量评价。采用国际Cochrane协作组提供的RevMan 5.0软件进行Meta分析，比较锁定钢板组与锁定钢板组联合异体腓骨组在美国肩肘外科医师学会评分、Constant评分、肱骨头高度丢失值、颈干角变化值、术后并发症总发生率、二次手术率、螺钉切出率及肱骨头坏死率方面的差异。结果与结论：①纳入8项研究，共623例患者；②结果显示，锁定钢板联合异体腓骨和单纯锁定钢板在术后随访末期美国肩肘外科医师学会评分(95%CI：4.29-6.84，P < 0.05)、Constant评分(95%CI：6.46-15.10，P < 0.05)、肱骨头高度丢失值(95%CI：-3.24至-2.07，P < 0.05)、颈干角变化值(95% CI：-7.20至-5.95，P < 0.05)、并发症总发生率(95%CI：0.18-0.51，P < 0.05)及螺钉切出率(95% CI：0.13-0.65，P < 0.05)等方面差异有显著性意义；③但2种方法在二次手术率(95%CI：0.13-1.14，P > 0.05)及肱骨头坏死率(95% CI：0.41-2.11，P > 0.05)等方面差异无显著性意义；④提示锁定钢板联合异体腓骨与单纯锁定钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折在美国肩肘外科医师学会评分、Constant评分、肱骨头高度丢失值、颈干角变化值、术后并发症发生率、螺钉切出率方面更具优势，但在二次手术率及肱骨头缺血性坏死方面没有明显差异。 ORCID: 0000-0003-2626-8833(涂冬鹏) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程     

Easy anchoring and smaller skin incision procedure for neuronavigation-based frameless stereoelectroencephalography

Epilepsy surgery uses both depth electrodes (DEs) and subdural electrodes (SE). DEs have mainly been developed and used in Europe. As we are able to use the DEs safely due to the current advanced level of technology, use of DEs has been increasing rapidly over the last decade. Unlike placement of SEs, which simply requires craniotomy, DE placement generally requires stereotactic techniques such as frame-based stereotactic or robotic arm-based methods. However, such methods are not always available at every epilepsy center. We therefore invented guide pipes for accurate DE placement. With this guide pipe and neuronavigation-based (NB) DE placement system, we are able to place DEs accurately. However, the disadvantages of our original procedure were a relatively large skin incision and the difficulty in anchoring DEs. The purpose of this technical note is to introduce a method to perform NB DE placement with a smaller skin incision and simple anchoring procedure. As we could make the skin incision smaller and achieved easier anchoring of DEs using a titanium plate, we hope this procedure will help facilities to perform DE placement with neuronavigation systems.     

Komplikationen der Tarsometatarsale I Arthrodese (modifizierte Lapidus Arthrodese)

BackgroundFirst tarsometatarsal arthrodesis, or known as modified Lapidus arthrodesis, is a powerful procedure for hallux valgus correction. Historically there have been high reported complication rates including nonunion, dorsiflexion malunion and transfer metatarsalgia, due to the high lever at the TMT I joint.MethodsThe development of new biomechanically more stable fixation methods has revolutionized the classic Lapidus arthrodesis in recent decades, so that more progressive mobilization regimens could be established.ResultsThe current clinical and radiological results of modern Lapidus arthrodesis using plate fixation confirm that nonunion rates could be drastically reduced. However, the rates of symptomatic transfer metatarsalgia remained unchanged.ConclusionOn the basis of new fixation methods, the modified Lapidus arthrodesis became a low-complication and satisfactory surgical method. The influence of first ray shortening and dorsiflexion malunion on the development of a transfer metatarsalgia has not yet been fully clarified.     

Osteoporotic ankle fractures: A narrative review of management options

The management of Osteoporotic ankle fractures is still considered to be a challenge by many surgeons. One of the issues seems to be a lack of data focused on this special subgroup, with very little evidence of good quality. We did a narrative review of the literature in an attempt to identify the magnitude of the problem and to evaluate the evidence in support of management options.The current review of the literature has brought to light some interesting facts. Despite limited data there seems to be an in increase in the incidence of these fractures. Although we could not demonstrate any clear distinction between geriatric and osteoporotic ankle fractures from the available literature; it is clear that all geriatric fractures are not necessarily osteoporotic and neither is the reverse true. The evidence to associate osteoporotic ankle fractures with poor outcomes is weak, and factors other than osteoporosis may have a stronger influence. From this analysis, we could not establish a higher incidence of implant failure for this specific fracture group, although many modifications in technique have been proposed due to the fear of fixation failure. Hook plating and Tibia-pro fibula fixation have weak evidence in support, but posterior fibular plating is preferred due to soft tissue protection. There is weak evidence in support of Locking plates for these fractures, as publications focused on this are limited; nevertheless some advantages have been documented. Augmentation by calcium based bone graft substitutes has been reported to improve pull out strengths of screws, but again the evidence of its role in Osteoportic fractures is limited. Fibular nailing has been proposed with specific advantages in osteoporotic fibular fractures, but the concept is new and it is indicated only in a select a subgroup of cases. Some evidence exists for the use of trans-articular nails in geriatric subgroups with limited pre-injury mobility, but the technique has to be used with caution to prevent other complications.InferenceMore data needs to be accumulated before clear guidelines for management of osteoporotic ankle factures are defined; however the current literature supports the need for modifications in standard ankle facture fixation methods to improve outcomes.